Visual Debugging¶
Sometimes it's hard to understand what's happening when working with PDFs. Natural PDF provides powerful visual debugging tools to help you see what you're extracting.
Quick Visualization with .show()¶
The fastest way to see what you have selected is to call .show() on the element (or collection/region) that you receive.
Unlike .highlight() this does not persist anything on the page – it simply returns a PIL.Image with temporary highlights that you can display right away.
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from natural_pdf import PDF
pdf = PDF("https://github.com/jsoma/natural-pdf/raw/refs/heads/main/pdfs/01-practice.pdf")
page = pdf.pages[0]
# View a few elements that contain the word "Summary"
page.find_all('text:contains("Summary")').show()
# Crop-only display of the region below the heading
heading = page.find('text:bold[size>=12]')
region_below = heading.below(height=250)
region_below.show(crop=True)
# Colour by element type
page.find_all('text, rect, line').show(group_by='type')
from natural_pdf import PDF
pdf = PDF("https://github.com/jsoma/natural-pdf/raw/refs/heads/main/pdfs/01-practice.pdf")
page = pdf.pages[0]
# View a few elements that contain the word "Summary"
page.find_all('text:contains("Summary")').show()
# Crop-only display of the region below the heading
heading = page.find('text:bold[size>=12]')
region_below = heading.below(height=250)
region_below.show(crop=True)
# Colour by element type
page.find_all('text, rect, line').show(group_by='type')
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Need a prettier image for an article or report? .show() accepts the same keyword arguments as .highlight() (color, label, group_by, include_attrs, …) so you can style the output exactly the way you like without leaving any permanent marks on the page.
Tip – crop=True
Pass crop=True to .show() (or .to_image()) when you want the smallest image that still contains all of the selected elements/region.
This works for both Region objects and regular ElementCollections – perfect for quickly zooming into the exact area you're debugging.
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# Zoom into just the bold text you found
page.find_all('text:bold').show(crop=True)
# Zoom into just the bold text you found
page.find_all('text:bold').show(crop=True)
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Adding Persistent Highlights¶
Use the .highlight() method on Element or ElementCollection objects to add persistent highlights to a page. These highlights are stored and will appear when viewing the page later.
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from natural_pdf import PDF
pdf = PDF("https://github.com/jsoma/natural-pdf/raw/refs/heads/main/pdfs/01-practice.pdf")
page = pdf.pages[0]
# Find a specific element and add a persistent highlight
page.find_all('text:contains("Summary")').highlight()
page.find_all('text:contains("Date")').highlight()
page.find_all('line').highlight()
page.to_image(width=700)
from natural_pdf import PDF
pdf = PDF("https://github.com/jsoma/natural-pdf/raw/refs/heads/main/pdfs/01-practice.pdf")
page = pdf.pages[0]
# Find a specific element and add a persistent highlight
page.find_all('text:contains("Summary")').highlight()
page.find_all('text:contains("Date")').highlight()
page.find_all('line').highlight()
page.to_image(width=700)
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Customizing Persistent Highlights¶
Customize the appearance of persistent highlights added with .highlight():
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page.clear_highlights()
title = page.find('text:bold[size>=12]')
# Highlight with a specific color (string name, hex, or RGB/RGBA tuple)
# title.highlight(color=(1, 0, 0, 0.3)) # Red with 30% opacity
# title.highlight(color="#FF0000") # Hex color
title.highlight(color="red") # Color name
text = page.find('text:contains("Critical")')
# Add a label to the highlight (appears in legend)
text.highlight(label="Critical")
# Combine color and label
rect = page.find('rect')
rect.highlight(color=(0, 0, 1, 0.2), label="Box")
page.to_image(width=700)
page.clear_highlights()
title = page.find('text:bold[size>=12]')
# Highlight with a specific color (string name, hex, or RGB/RGBA tuple)
# title.highlight(color=(1, 0, 0, 0.3)) # Red with 30% opacity
# title.highlight(color="#FF0000") # Hex color
title.highlight(color="red") # Color name
text = page.find('text:contains("Critical")')
# Add a label to the highlight (appears in legend)
text.highlight(label="Critical")
# Combine color and label
rect = page.find('rect')
rect.highlight(color=(0, 0, 1, 0.2), label="Box")
page.to_image(width=700)
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Highlighting Multiple Elements¶
Highlighting an ElementCollection applies the highlight to all elements within it. By default, all elements in the collection get the same color and a label based on their type.
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# Find and highlight all headings with a single color/label
headings = page.find_all('text[size>=14]:bold')
headings.highlight(color=(0, 0.5, 0, 0.3), label="Headings")
# Find and highlight all tables
tables = page.find_all('region[type=table]')
tables.highlight(color=(0, 0, 1, 0.2), label="Tables")
# View the result
page.viewer()
# Find and highlight all headings with a single color/label
headings = page.find_all('text[size>=14]:bold')
headings.highlight(color=(0, 0.5, 0, 0.3), label="Headings")
# Find and highlight all tables
tables = page.find_all('region[type=table]')
tables.highlight(color=(0, 0, 1, 0.2), label="Tables")
# View the result
page.viewer()
Element Info
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InteractiveViewerWidget()
Viewing Regions¶
You can visualise regions to see the exact area you're working with:
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# Find a title and create a region below it
title = page.find('text:contains("Violations")')
content = title.below(height=200)
# Highlight the region
content.show()
# Find a title and create a region below it
title = page.find('text:contains("Violations")')
content = title.below(height=200)
# Highlight the region
content.show()
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Or look at just the region by itself
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# Find a title and create a region below it
title = page.find('text:contains("Violations")')
content = title.below(height=200)
# Crop to the region
content.to_image(crop=True, include_highlights=False)
# Find a title and create a region below it
title = page.find('text:contains("Violations")')
content = title.below(height=200)
# Crop to the region
content.to_image(crop=True, include_highlights=False)
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Working with Text Styles¶
Visualize text styles to understand the document structure:
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# Analyze and visualize text styles
page.clear_highlights()
page.analyze_text_styles()
page.find_all('text').show(group_by='style_label')
page.to_image(width=700)
# Analyze and visualize text styles
page.clear_highlights()
page.analyze_text_styles()
page.find_all('text').show(group_by='style_label')
page.to_image(width=700)
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Displaying Attributes¶
You can display element attributes directly on the highlights:
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pdf = PDF("https://github.com/jsoma/natural-pdf/raw/refs/heads/main/pdfs/Atlanta_Public_Schools_GA_sample.pdf")
page = pdf.pages[0]
text = page.find_all('line')
text.highlight(include_attrs=['width', 'color'])
page.to_image(width=700)
pdf = PDF("https://github.com/jsoma/natural-pdf/raw/refs/heads/main/pdfs/Atlanta_Public_Schools_GA_sample.pdf")
page = pdf.pages[0]
text = page.find_all('line')
text.highlight(include_attrs=['width', 'color'])
page.to_image(width=700)
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# Clear all highlights on the page
page.clear_highlights()
# Apply new highlights
page.find_all('text:bold').highlight(label="Bold Text")
page.viewer()
# Clear all highlights on the page
page.clear_highlights()
# Apply new highlights
page.find_all('text:bold').highlight(label="Bold Text")
page.viewer()
Element Info
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InteractiveViewerWidget()
Document QA Visualization¶
Visualize document QA results:
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pdf = PDF("https://github.com/jsoma/natural-pdf/raw/refs/heads/main/pdfs/0500000US42007.pdf")
page = pdf.pages[0]
page.to_image(width=700)
pdf = PDF("https://github.com/jsoma/natural-pdf/raw/refs/heads/main/pdfs/0500000US42007.pdf")
page = pdf.pages[0]
page.to_image(width=700)
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CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
CropBox missing from /Page, defaulting to MediaBox
Out[11]:
In [12]:
Copied!
response = page.ask("How many votes did Kamala Harris get on Election Day?")
response
response = page.ask("How many votes did Kamala Harris get on Election Day?")
response
Device set to use mps:0
Out[12]:
{'answer': '60',
'confidence': 0.31857365369796753,
'start': 31,
'end': 31,
'found': True,
'page_num': 0,
'source_elements': <ElementCollection[TextElement](count=1)>}
In [13]:
Copied!
response['source_elements'].show()
response['source_elements'].show()
Out[13]:
Next Steps¶
Now that you know how to visualize PDF content, you might want to explore:
- OCR capabilities for working with scanned documents
- Layout analysis for automatic structure detection
- Document QA for asking questions directly to your documents